The datacenter for the state of Vermont provides application and storage for the services provided by the state's government, from processing registration information for the Department of Motor Vehicles, to ensuring that enrolled citizens benefit from the state's food subsidy program.

In an effort to cut costs, Joe Ng, the information-technology manager responsible for the government's datacenter, embarked on a program two years ago to automate management of the facility, moving from operation around the clock to locking the doors and turning off the lights between midnight and 6 a.m. on weekdays and for the entire weekend.

Given the critical nature of the services, going "lights out" for almost half the week was not an easy sell, Ng says.

"It took a long time to convince people, and the resistance was pretty stiff," Ng says. "But everything went well, and people are really behind it now."

After six months operating in its lights-out mode, the datacenter group was able to cut staff by more than 40 percent and significantly reduce costs.

Automating datacenter operations and allowing for remote management-the core characteristics of a lights-out facility-are a natural fit for many companies that want to save money and increase security.

Here are five key lessons Ng learned in his Vermont lights-out project.

1. "Lights out" is not all or nothing: While some companies may aim to depopulate their datacenter around the clock, for most companies being lights out is not a black-and-white concept. The definition of lights out is not zero population all the time, says Ng.

"The concept extends from totally nobody there to lights out for a certain period of time," Ng says. "For the State of Vermont, we cannot go lights out 24-by-7."

Increasingly, datacenters are being designed assuming that fewer, or no, people will work in them, says Joseph Pucciarelli, program director of technology, financial, and executive strategies for business intelligence firm IDC.

"You used to have a datacenter with a lot of office space around it filled with IT people," he says. "Now, you don't see a lot of office space because they don't want to have a lot of people in the datacenter."

2. Make sure you have support: Working as part of the state government means listening to a lot of constituents. Vermont's Ng had to get support from not only his supervisors, but also the labor unions that represent the state's workers.

The result: while his business groups saved money by reducing the number of workers in the datacenter from 17 to 10, those people were not fired, but moved to other positions.

"Nobody lost their job," he says. "They got shifted to a new department or agency."

3. Fewer people does not mean less oversight: While some people might think that having no one physically in the datacenter would mean a loss of oversight, just the opposite is true, says Ng.

Moving to extended periods with no one allowed in the datacenter gives IT departments a better handle on what is happening. With various systems in place to notify the data-center group of any incidents and better monitor operations, IT workers have more information, not less.

"By going through the exercise, we have a much better awareness of the system," Ng says. "When things go bump in the night, we have e-mail notifications. We are much more in tune with the system now."

4. Fewer people means more security: In addition, a lights-out datacenter removes the biggest source of errors and threat to the facility: people.

While workers are need to maintain servers, removing humans from the equation helps security greatly.

"The most unreliable component in the datacenter is the people," Thome says. "Pull the wrong cable and, oops, something goes down that was not supposed to go down."

The State of Vermont's IT chief agrees.

"We are much more secure because people are not walking in and out during the night," Ng says. "The more people that walk into a datacenter, the more security is a problem."

5. It doesn't have to be expensive The state of Vermont wanted to save money, so a plan that cost a lot to implement would not have worked. Rather than buy a state-of-the-art management system, Ng used the software provided by the manufacturers of the datacenter's cooling systems and uninterruptible power supplies.

"We put it together using different systems," he says. "In the end, we did not spend a lot of money upgrading things. We used what we had at our disposal."

In the end, what initially was a hard sell has become second nature.

"In about six months, people won't even remember we were ever 24-7," Ng says.